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RIP路由快速入门(接下)

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RIP路由快速入门(接下) Empty RIP路由快速入门(接下)

帖子 由 Admin 周日 三月 23, 2008 2:25 am

对每一台路由器重复上述操作,一个使用RIP路由的网络就建成了。  1r 4m iX
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测试配置正确性  'bJwiLy
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配置RIP之后,要检查数据是否可以被正确路由。除了可以使用上面提到的连通性测试工具之外,还有以下几个命令:  i @sh ip route用于检测路由表;  TKAx!% d&G
sh ip protocols用于检查路由协议状况;  NY+pt7K
debug ip rip用于调试RIP协议信息。  U=?{u)LP[9
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使用sh ip route命令显示各台路由器的路由表。  Kpf![Y.
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testBJ#sh ip route  AP>WKIHE
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Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP  $y#s:,*D
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D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area  $ j(SO1
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N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2  CNqD@EE_
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E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP  \|4 n3ordn
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i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2,   SC @0P Q
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* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR  zF7BMqC
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Gateway of last resort is not set  dN9_V%=R
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172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets  e fYx_1,x
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R 172.16.4.0 [120/1] via 172.16.2.2, 00:00:12, Serial1/0  3G(hrcG*
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C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1  :(Xo{6<0k
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C 172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0  ~sV9swt
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R 172.16.3.0 [120/1] via 172.16.1.3, 00:00:09, Ethernet0/1  pa' I8
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[120/1] via 172.16.2.2, 00:00:22, Serial1/0  f=k5NoA
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上面显示的是北京路由器的路由信息。字母C开头的是直接相连的网络,有172.16.1.0和172.16.2.0,分别连接在e0/1和s1/0端口上。字母R开头的是RIP协议学习到的路由,有172.16.3.0和172.16.4.0,其中,到172.16.3.0有两条路径供选择,分别经由testSH和testTJ路由器。对比网络拓扑图,可以看出实际情况与设计的完全一致。  z" QxCBI$
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中括号里的内容是路由项的管理距离和度量值,RIP的缺省管理距离是120,到达3、4子网的度量值是1,即经过1个路由器可达。  _jznUJ
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同样的命令在另外两台路由器上运行,结果如下。  4hvw>4e
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testSH#sh ip route  >8xR[\)N i
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Gateway of last resort is not set  RVR-X@8<
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172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets  %^&b1X/|
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R 172.16.4.0 [120/1] via 172.16.3.2, 00:00:13, Ethernet0/0  ~Q:0p:8/
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C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1  nbQU2;[ .
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R 172.16.2.0 [120/1] via 172.16.1.2, 00:00:11, Ethernet0/1  4Rj`<.J/
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[120/1] via 172.16.3.2, 00:00:13, Ethernet0/0  r{P_2\Bc
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C 172.16.3.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0  ~4,k*bPm
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testTJ#sh ip route  \y):C(|K
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Gateway of last resort is not set  C_< CyZb,$
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172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets  gN/fxmR
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C 172.16.4.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0  JsWx$pC
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R 172.16.1.0 [120/1] via 172.16.3.3, 00:00:07, Ethernet0/1  a (dd Dss
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[120/1] via 172.16.2.3, 00:00:19, Serial1/0  wbDcDJvF
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C 172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0  v|e 4*'
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C 172.16.3.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1  x@fa%R=!,=
KR分析上述命令输出时,一定要随时参照拓扑图,离开网络拓扑,上面的信息就没有任何意义。动态路由的灵活性体现在一条链路出现故障,路由算法会自动切换到迂回链路上。例如我们将testBJ和testTJ之间的串行线缆断开,一段时间后,再检查路由表,如下所示。  %{wk331u
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testBJ#sh ip route  LD(}S:j
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Gateway of last resort is not set  qMxaOprS
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172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets  RO>0x^YR
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R 172.16.4.0 [120/2] via 172.16.1.3, 00:00:22, Ethernet0/1  y:'qr{$m
C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1  R,RF"y`g6
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R 172.16.3.0 [120/1] via 172.16.1.3, 00:00:22, Ethernet0/1  }!'K|P
我们发现串行链路所在的子网2断开了,到网络172.16.4.0网络的数据包都将绕经testSH路由器。  H5RV80R@5
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sh ip protocols命令可以显示当前路由协议的状况,如下所示。  +:3J ~H%
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testBJ#sh ip protocols  1HZ9zv0cC
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Routing Protocol is "rip"  '$@g {
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Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 19 seconds  !}(~tAQ
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Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240  x(\QkX
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Outgoing update filter list for all inte***ces is not set  /.iayd$jH
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Incoming update filter list for all inte***ces is not set  RUlM"w@
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Redistributing: connected, rip  sRhMQJHa3
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Default version control: send version 1, receive any version  Lqkog"|3
Ky R_`|Inte***ce Send Recv Key-chain  vO^S/G;V
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Ethernet0/1 1 1 2  /iO3h!C
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Serial1/0 1 1 2  <>)_c4S?
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Routing for Networks:  F6C7r,OA
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172.16.0.0  `o(}F21
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Routing Information Sources:  ]=R:eZY@
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Gateway Distance Last Update  /EJPZ^nr
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172.16.2.2 120 00:00:05  H^ =_.`j/
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172.16.1.3 120 00:00:27  vRon>ex;
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Distance: (default is 120)  5USfB /^
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从命令输出中,可以看出RIP协议的基本配置,还可以得知与当前路由器交换信息的路由器有testTJ(172.16.2.2)和testSH(172.16.1.3)两台路由器,上次接收路由信息分别在5秒和27秒之前。  4pFn6 0"
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要了解路由器之间交换路由信息的详情,可以使用debug ip rip命令。如下所示,输入命令后,隔一段时间,控制台上出现接收或者发送RIP广播的信息。 $S WIM
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testBJ#debug ip rip  ||eAWvt(V
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RIP protocol debugging is on  h3zJHWQt
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testBJ#  z5j5lF/ ;
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RIP: received v1 update from 172.16.2.2 on Serial1/0  }R!X
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172.16.4.0 in 1 hops  $;q|>o"8
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172.16.3.0 in 1 hops  ("t?.xt
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RIP: received v1 update from 172.16.1.3 on Ethernet0/1  u4j_R`2qqp
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172.16.4.0 in 2 hops  ct[s}4
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172.16.3.0 in 1 hops  -*T _~,
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RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Ethernet0/1 (172.16.1.2)  fUZ'(3_
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subnet 172.16.4.0, metric 2  USBFngvr
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subnet 172.16.2.0, metric 1  KGjn_v6Gr
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RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial1/0 (172.16.2.3)  .Rt:^z{L
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subnet 172.16.1.0, metric 1  On( Y]MV
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RIP: received v1 update from 172.16.1.3 on Ethernet0/1  W;EJ|J;6
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172.16.4.0 in 2 hops  |^Tfc!bx'
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172.16.3.0 in 1 hops  $#P D1A
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RIP: received v1 update from 172.16.2.2 on Serial1/0  zR,Hhp#Pt
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172.16.4.0 in 1 hops  F]7-3{8|
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172.16.3.0 in 1 hops  %!w_i0W
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testBJ#no debug all  ObljxQ xav
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All possible debugging has been turned off  I?=Xd/bNuA
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testBJ#  CQ ?uYub"
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从上述信息中可以得到RIP广播的详情。路由器先是从testTJ收到子网3、4的信息,然后又从testSH收到子网3、4的信息。其中,到子网4走testTJ一跳,走testSH两跳,所以,路由表中反映出来的是经由testTJ到子网4;到子网3的距离都是一跳,所以,路由表中有两条并列的路由。  oU_9/GY$eA
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一段时间后,当前路由器的更新计时达到30秒,于是,它在两条链路上广播自身的路由表信息。注意,广播路由更新时,RIP采用了水平分割机制,从一个端口上学得的信息就不在这个端口上进行广播,所以当前路由器testBJ只发送子网172.16.1.0的路由信息。  Ew9J`+ZU
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使用no debug all命令结束调试信息的显示。需要注意的是debug命令非常消耗路由器资源,所以不要在通讯繁忙的路由器上使用,否则,路由器就会象死机一样停止反应。  g < |
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怎么样,你看一遍这篇文章用了多少时间。下面可以找几台路由器,试着配置一下,不是很困难吧

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